The Road Out of Debt: Bankruptcy and Other Solutions to Your Financial Problems by Joan N. Feeney and Theodore W. Connolly
You've read stories of people becoming debt-free. In personal-finance blogs, the stories are always ones of debt problems overcome through hard work and frugality. Sadly, in the real world, that doesn't always work. For reasons like illness, divorce, job loss, economic downturn, business failure, natural disaster, war — some debts entered into in good faith simply cannot be paid back. (See also: CitiMortgage Told Me to Default on My Loan)
Feeney and Connolly's new book is about how to find the dividing line between these cases, and what to do once you know which side you’re on.
Money-Management Skills
The authors provide a good short course in money management much like you’d find in any personal finance book or blog — how to budget, how to cut expenses, and how to take control of your finances. Then the book starts talking about debt — mainly about the many, many ways to use debt unwisely. In particular, they’ve got a great chapter on the sort of debt that people with financial troubles turn to in a usually futile effort to stave off financial catastrophe for one more month — payday loans, car title loans, pawn shops, loan sharks, etc.
Even before that, they provide some basic advice on negotiating with your creditors. Especially in the world of finance as it is today, there are plenty of people who could actually fulfill their obligations — except that the creditors have written rules that let them lard up a debtor’s obligations with late fees and penalty interest rates. A knowledgeable debtor with good negotiating skills can often cut through those problems and get their obligations settled reasonably cheaply.
One bit in that section that I particularly like is on the psychology of debt collectors: Some will browbeat you, some will humiliate you, some will pretend to be your friend — but however they act, they’re all just trying to get as much money from you as possible. They don’t care what other debts you have or whether you can support your family. If you don’t understand this — if you allow yourself to imagine that the ones who act like friends are actually friendly — you’re going to be less successful in your negotiations. (I talk about the same psychological issues in my post Don’t Treat Businesses Like People.)
The authors provide some useful advice on seeking help (credit counselors and the like) if your financial problems are beyond what you can manage with those basic skills — and about avoiding the scams that often masquerade as help for people with debt troubles.
Sometimes, even with help, debt problems cannot be overcome. Specifically, if you can’t cover your minimum expenses plus interest on your debts and have money left over to pay down the principle on your debts, then you're over the line. Once you're in that situation, your financial situation can only get worse — your debt burden will rise every month, even if you don't borrow any more money.
When to Consider Bankruptcy
If you could support yourself — pay for your family’s shelter, food, and clothing — except that other obligations drain away more than all the rest of your money, then it’s time to consider bankruptcy.
Even if it’s time to consider bankruptcy, it may not be the best choice. Some obligations (child support, student loans) cannot be wiped out in bankruptcy. Alternatively, if you can’t even afford the necessities, then your household is not a viable economic unit and bankruptcy won’t help.
The core of the book is the information you need to figure whether bankruptcy is worth considering — and the information to consider it and make an informed decision.
In my fantasy life, I’m an organized guy. In the real world, that’s just not the case. I do my best to stay on top of things — I make lists, use a calendar, ask Kris for help — but there always seems to be something slipping through the cracks.
Before we left for Africa, for example, I hid my wallet. I always do this when we go on a long trip. (I don’t use my wallet when I travel.) And every time, I have trouble finding it when I get home. You’d think I’d develop a system — but no.
I’m not the only one with problems like this. Sure, there are folks out there like Kris and her sister — people who never let anything fall through the cracks — but they’re few and far between. Most of us need to develop systems to help our lives run smoothly.
Developing systems that work
I’ve read dozens of books on time management, coping with clutter, and getting things done. But I’ve never found a magic cure-all for disorganization. The trouble is, as with personal finance, there’s no one right answer. Each of us is different. We have different strengths, different weakness, and different aims in life. There’s no one system that’s going to work for every person.
For years, my motto at Get Rich Slowly has been do what works for you. I don’t mean by this that one choice is as good as another. There are best practices for paying off debt, saving for retirement, and buying a used car. What I mean is that there’s no one system that works for everyone. The debt snowball helped me get out of debt, but it may have you treading water.
I’ve found that the key to developing systems that work for me is to take bits and pieces from other people’s ideas, and to remix them in ways that fit my goals and strengths. This is true for all aspects of my life, including fitness, finance, writing, travel, and more.
I’ve noticed, though, that there are three elements that seem to be part of every successful system in my life: routine, automation, and simplicity.
The Power of Routine
By far the most important key to my success is establishing routines. Why have I managed to lose so much weight in the past year? Because I made it a habit to get up at 5:30 every morning so that I could be at the gym by 6:30. How did I manage to buy my Mini? I made saving a routine.
Valuable financial habits or routines include:
- Paying yourself first
- Tracking your spending
- Checking your receipts
- Controlling impulse spending with the 30-day rule
When something becomes routine, it becomes a natural part of your life. It’s not something you have to force yourself to do. It’s almost automatic, which makes it easier to do the right thing instead of letting your emotions get the better of you.
I’ve also had great success by foisting my routines onto the poor, unsuspecting computers around me. Automation helps my systems run smoothly.
The Power of Automation
When I was younger, I had a heck of a time remembering to pay my bills on time. Even when I had a set routine — for years, I paid bills on the first Saturday of every month — I’d sometimes forget to follow it. So, whenever I find a way to automate some part of my life, I do it.
Removing me from the equation just makes thing run so much more smoothly. That’s why I’ve spent the past several years developing a paperless personal-finance system, which includes:
- Automatic bill payments. All of my regular bills are automatically paid electronically.
- Automatic saving. Every month, I have money automatically transferred to my savings accounts. (Remember, I keep multiple savings accounts to pursue different goals.)
- Automatic investing. Well, I don’t actually do this now — I’m making manual investments at the end of every tax year — but for a long time, my retirement accounts automatically pulled from my paycheck and/or checking account.
This automation is an essential part of my financial system. It helps prevent stupid errors — like forgetting to pay a bill before vacation. Plus, I’ve found the automation keeps me motivated. The money for my bills is going to be pulled on specific dates, so I’d better be sure my accounts are funded.
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